Book

Ship Locks

Hydraulic calculations and evaluation of efficiency

M. Jovanović

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M. Jovanović

Ship Locks

Hydraulic calculations and evaluation of efficiency

Faculty of Civil Engineering

Belgrade, 2025.

ISBN 978-86-7518-251-1

Pages: 302


About the book:


"Through the chapters of this book, readers are gradually introduced to the development and use of numerical models of different levels of complexity (1D, 2D, 3D). The special value of the book is given by numerous solved examples that accompany the presentation and complete it in terms of better understanding and easier applicability. In each of the accompanying examples, the necessary input data and the results (obtained by original computer codes) are presented in graphical form. Thus, the conditions were created for the conscientious reader to overcome the problem that interests him, at the chosen level. The explanations, which are given by the author with examples, contain a theoretical part and practical recommendations on how to perform the calculation. It is as if the author was guided by the principle "that the hungry should not be given fish, but taught to fish", so he offered explanations that are much broader than those that can usually be found in user manuals of commercial software. At the same time, the complementarity of numerical and physical models in this area was pointed out in a comprehensive way. Considering the content of this book, with its many diagrams, drawings and excellent photographs, it could be said to be a small encyclopedia on ship locks."


Prof. Radomir Kapor

Prof. Ljubodrag Savić

Prof. Slobodan Đorđević

Contents:

1. GENERAL ABOUT SHIP LOCKS

1.1 Domain of application

1.2 Basic elements of ship locks

  • Lock chambers
  • Access channels
  • Water saving basins

1.3 About the design of ship locks

2. EFFICIENCY OF SHIP LOCKS

2.1 Locking process

  • Transition cycle
  • Transit time

2.2 Lock capacity

  • Deterministic approach
  • Stochastic approach

2.3 Operation expenses

  • Owner/operator expenses
  • Costs of shipping companies
  • Financial efficiency analysis

3. SIMPLIFIED MODELS OF HEAD-FILLING SYSTEMS

3.1 Structural characteristics

  • Systems with openings in gates
  • Systems with short culverts
  • Systems with sluice gates

3.2 Valves

3.3 Simplified numerical model

  • Basic equations
  • Solving basic equations
  • Forces acting on vessels in the chamber
  • Calculation examples

3.4 Existing Software

3.5 Simplified analytical model

4. COMPLEX MODELS OF HEAD-FILLING SYSTEMS

4.1 Linear (1D) unsteady flow models

  • Method of characteristics
  • Explicit finite difference scheme
  • Implicit finite difference scheme
  • Calculation of the force acting on the ship
  • Calculation examples

4.2 Models of multidimensional unsteady flow

  • 2D flow equations
  • 3D flow equations
  • Illustrative example
  • Problems and limitations of multidimensional models

5. MODELS OF HEAD-FILLING SYSTEMS WITH A SHIP IN THE CHAMBER

5.1 The "flexible ship" model

5.2 The "rigid ship" model

5.3 Existing Software

6. SIMPLIFIED MODELS OF LONG CULVERT SYSTEMS

6.1 Structural elements

  • Types of long culvert systems
  • Valves

6.2 Simplified inertial model

  • Basic equations
  • System discharge coefficient
  • Calculation algorithm
  • Hydraulic analysis of chamber filling

7. COMPLEX MODELS OF LONG CULVERT SYSTEMS

7.1 Modeling flow in long culverts

  • Basic equations
  • Matrix formulation of the problem
  • Linear (friction) and local energy losses
  • Numerical solution of the problem

7.2 Existing Software

7.3 Hydrodynamically balanced systems

7.4 Frontal or split system?

8. WATER SAVING BASINS

8.1 Water consumption per one cycle

8.2 Application of water saving basins

9. SPECIAL HYDRAULIC CONSIDERATIONS

9.1 Friction losses in culverts

9.2 Water hammer

  • Elementary calculation
  • Numerical modeling

9.3 Cavitation

10. PHYSICAL MODELS OF SHIP LOCKS

10.1 Scales and laws of similarity

10.2 Measurements on physical models

10.3 Examples of physical models of ship locks

  • Examples from world practice
  • Examples from domestic practice

10.4 Concept of composite modeling

Bibliography

Subject index

Slika 1 Slika 2 Slika 3

The old two-stage lock on the Danube-Tisza-Danube (DTD) canal near the town Bečej, designed in the office of Gustave Eiffel (Gustave Eiffel, 1832–1923) and completed in 1896 (together with a small hydroelectric power plant at the confluence of the canal in the Tisza River), was a unique hydrotechnical facility of its time.